Pharaoh: The King Who Exalted Joseph

Pharaoh: The King Who Exalted Joseph

Pharaoh, the unnamed king of Egypt during Joseph’s rise, played a decisive role in Israel’s history. By elevating Joseph from prisoner to ruler, Pharaoh became an instrument in God’s plan to preserve Jacob’s family during famine. Though a foreign monarch, his openness to Joseph’s wisdom contrasts with later pharaohs who opposed Israel.

Name & Etymology

The title Pharaoh (פַּרְעֹה, Parʿōh, pronounced par-oh) comes from the Egyptian term per-aa, meaning “great house.” It referred originally to the royal palace but became synonymous with the king himself.

In the Septuagint (LXX), the title is rendered as Φαραώ (Pharaō), carried into the New Testament. Pharaoh’s title highlights majesty and authority, yet Scripture emphasizes God’s sovereignty over even the greatest rulers.

Biblical Narrative (The Story)

Pharaoh’s role in Joseph’s life is found in Genesis 41 and beyond.

• The Dreams: Pharaoh dreamed of seven fat cows consumed by seven thin ones and seven full heads of grain swallowed by seven thin heads. None of Egypt’s magicians could interpret them.

• Joseph’s Interpretation: Brought from prison, Joseph declared: “It is beyond my power to do this. But God can tell you what it means and set you at ease” (Genesis 41:16, NLT). He explained the dreams as seven years of abundance followed by seven years of famine.

• Exalting Joseph: Recognizing Joseph’s wisdom, Pharaoh said: “Since God has revealed the meaning of the dreams to you, clearly no one else is as intelligent or wise as you are. You will be in charge of my court, and all my people will take orders from you. Only I, sitting on my throne, will have a rank higher than yours” (Genesis 41:39–40, NLT).

• The Famine: Pharaoh entrusted Joseph with Egypt’s grain, ensuring survival during the famine and opening Egypt to Jacob’s family.

Historical & Cultural Context

The Pharaoh of Joseph’s time is not identified by name, leading to debate about his dynasty. Regardless, his portrayal is positive compared to later Pharaohs, showing openness to divine wisdom. Ancient Egyptian kings were considered divine representatives, yet this Pharaoh acknowledged Joseph’s God-given insight.

His actions also reflect historical practices: rulers often appointed skilled administrators to oversee resources during crises. Pharaoh’s decision ensured both Egypt’s survival and Israel’s preservation.

Character & Themes

Pharaoh represents earthly authority humbled before divine wisdom. Though king of Egypt, he recognized Joseph’s God-given gift and submitted to it. His willingness to exalt a foreign prisoner highlights how God uses even pagan rulers to fulfill His purposes.

Connection to Christ

Pharaoh’s exaltation of Joseph foreshadows the Father’s exaltation of Christ. Just as Joseph went from prison to rule, Christ went from the grave to the right hand of God. Pharaoh unknowingly participated in a divine drama pointing forward to salvation through Christ.

Theological Significance

Pharaoh’s story demonstrates God’s sovereignty over nations. Kings may rule, but ultimate authority belongs to God. This Pharaoh, unlike the hard-hearted ruler of Exodus, illustrates how leaders can serve God’s purposes when they heed His wisdom.

Myths & Misconceptions

• Myth: All Pharaohs were hostile to God’s people.

  
  

  Truth: Joseph’s Pharaoh showed favor and openness, contrasting with later Pharaohs in Exodus.

• Myth: Pharaoh credited Joseph, not God.

  
  

  Truth: Pharaoh acknowledged that Joseph’s wisdom came from God, even if he did not become a worshiper of Israel’s God.

Application

Pharaoh challenges us to recognize God’s wisdom wherever it is found. Just as he valued Joseph’s gift, we are called to honor and heed God’s Word above all. His openness contrasts with prideful rulers, reminding us to remain humble before divine truth.

Conclusion

Pharaoh was a powerful ruler who nevertheless submitted to Joseph’s God-given wisdom. By exalting Joseph, he became an instrument in God’s redemptive plan. His story reminds us that God is sovereign over kings and nations, working through even foreign rulers to accomplish His purposes.