From Esau to Herod: The Legacy of Edom. The story of Esau, the twin brother of Jacob, is not a footnote in the biblical narrative. His descendants, known as the Edomites, echo across the pages of Scripture, colliding with Israel’s history again and again. By the time of the New Testament, this ancient rivalry culminates in a shocking figure: King Herod the Great, the Idumean ruler of Judea, whose bloody paranoia sought to destroy the newborn Messiah.