The Fivefold Ministry: Gifts, Not Programs. Many churches today use the phrase “fivefold ministry” to describe the list of gifts Paul gives in Ephesians 4:11: apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors, and teachers. Whole programs have been built around this idea, sometimes even marketed as if the Christian life could be managed through leadership formulas. Yet this misses Paul’s intent.

The Trinity: The God Who Is Three-in-One. The doctrine of the Trinity stands as one of the central mysteries of the Christian faith. It is not a philosophical abstraction but the reality of God as revealed in Scripture: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit — three distinct persons, yet one God. The term Trinity (trias in Greek, trinitas in Latin) does not appear in the Bible, but the reality saturates both Old and New Testaments.

The Fruit of the Spirit vs. the Sin of the Flesh: Evidence of Salvation. The Christian life is not defined merely by what we claim with our lips but by what is produced in our lives. Jesus said, “You can identify them by their fruit, that is, by the way they act… A good tree can’t produce bad fruit, and a bad tree can’t produce good fruit.” (Matt. 7:16, 18, NLT). Paul echoes this in Galatians 5, contrasting the works of the flesh with the fruit of the Spirit. 

Among the most misunderstood doctrines in Christianity is the person and work of the Holy Spirit. Some reduce Him to a vague “force.” Others overemphasize ecstatic experiences. Still others neglect His role entirely. Yet, without the Holy Spirit, there is no power for the Christian life, no transformation, no Church, and no application of the gospel.

Who are you? What are you made of? Are you just a body, a soul, or something more complex? The biblical teaching on the nature of man—whether we are made up of body, soul, and spirit or just body and soul—is foundational to theology, anthropology, resurrection, and sanctification.